Their observations led to the discovery of thiamin present in the outer layers of rice that were removed with polishing. Around the same time, two Dutch scientists observed that chickens fed white polished rice developed leg paralysis, whereas chickens fed brown unpolished rice did not. ![]() When given a more varied diet with whole grains, meats, beans, and vegetables, rates of illness and death nearly disappeared. ![]() In 1884, a Japanese physician noted very high rates of illness and death among Japanese sailors eating a limited diet of only rice for months while at sea. Only small amounts are stored in the liver, so a daily intake of thiamin-rich foods is needed.Īlthough symptoms of thiamin deficiency were first recorded in ancient texts of Chinese medicine, the symptoms were not connected with diet until the late 19 th century. Thiamin plays a vital role in the growth and function of various cells. Thiamin (thiamine), or vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin found naturally in some foods, added to foods, and sold as a supplement.
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